Academic notebook

Biology

Characteristics of Escherichia coli

Characteristics of Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli was discovered in 1885 by Theodor Escherich, an Austrian pediatrician, who isolated the bacterium from stool samples of newborn babies. It belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, comprising about 60 genera with more than 200 different species
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Why is water so important for living organisms?

Why is water so important to living organisms?

Water, although it is a very simple molecule, because it consists of only 3 atoms - one oxygen and two hydrogen - is the foundation of life on Earth, and probably in the universe at all (if we find one). It is not without reason that when observing distant solar systems, astronomers look for planets that are in the so-called habitable zone, i.e. the habitable zone enabling, among others, the occurrence of liquid water. But let's go back to Earth and look at water from the side of its properties important for life ...
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What is cytoplasm?

What is cytoplasm?

It has a seemingly simple and uniform structure, fills the entire cell except the nucleus, helping to stabilize it. It can also take on both liquid and gel form. It is the site of many important chemical reactions in the cell, such as protein synthesis, as well as the first phase of breathing. It helps to transport everything that is needed inside the cell. This is how the cytoplasm can be briefly described.
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Homemade method for DNA isolation

To isolate own DNA in your kitchen, you need only a few things that you can easily find in almost every home - or easily to buy. Check if you have: dishwashing liquid, a teaspoon of salt, pure ethanol, a clean glass, fridge and a little bit of patience.
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What is capsid?

Capsid is a protein shell that is part of the virus structure. It is made of identical elements called capsomeres. The capsid contains nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). Viruses are…
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