The Horsehead Nebula
The Horsehead Nebula (also labelled Barnard 33), is a dense cloud of dust and ionized hydrogen of 3.5 light years diameter and it's about 1500 light years away. Nebula is…
First-ever photo of a supernova from the very beginning
On the 20th of September 2017, amateur astronomer Victor Buso accidentally took the first-ever photo of a supernova flash at the very beginning of an explosion of this type.
How ammonium nitrate decomposes?
Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 decomposes in an exothermic reaction and produce two gaseous products from solid reactant: \( NH_{4}NO_{3} _{(solid)} \rightarrow N_{2}O_{(gas)} + 2H_{2}O_{(gas)} \) Enthalpy change is \( \Delta H…
What is cytoplasm?
It has a seemingly simple and uniform structure, fills the entire cell except the nucleus, helping to stabilize it. It can also take on both liquid and gel form. It is the site of many important chemical reactions in the cell, such as protein synthesis, as well as the first phase of breathing. It helps to transport everything that is needed inside the cell. This is how the cytoplasm can be briefly described.
Electric field – basic information
A volume in which there are forces acting on electric charges, is called an electric field. Such a field is created by the separation charges with different marks as a…
Homemade method for DNA isolation
To isolate own DNA in your kitchen, you need only a few things that you can easily find in almost every home - or easily to buy. Check if you have: dishwashing liquid, a teaspoon of salt, pure ethanol, a clean glass, fridge and a little bit of patience.
What is capsid?
Capsid is a protein shell that is part of the virus structure. It is made of identical elements called capsomeres. The capsid contains nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). Viruses are…
Huygens–Fresnel principle
Huygens–Fresnel principle (also known as Huygens principle) says that all wave front points can be considered sources of new spherical waves. The position of the wavefront after at time t…
Typical strains of bacteria for evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical substances
Referenced bacteria strains most commonly used as a test organisms for determination of bactericidal activity are: Psudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536) Escherichia coli K12 (NCTC 10538) Staphylococcus…
What is polarization of light?
Polarization (in physics) is limiting transverse wave vector vibrations to some direction. For non-polarised electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, the electric field vibrates in all directions perpendicular to the…
Piranha solution preparation
Piranha solution is one of the most commonly used laboratory glass cleaner. Its strong oxidizing agent and removes most organic matter. However, it should be remembered that due to its…